Functional ovarian cysts usually occur during the childbearing years. Most often, cysts in women of this age group are not cancerous. Women who are past menopause (ages 50-70) with ovarian cysts have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. At any age, if you think you have a cyst, it's important to tell your doctor.
Hilton Johani is a leading expert on period pains,Tinnitus, hyperacusis and Meniere's disease and has been running his tinnitus related website since 1999.
His advice and tinnitus treatment plans have helped thousands of people around the world.
Copyright Hilton Johani - http://www.t-gone.com
Wednesday, May 31, 2006
ovarian cancer : What are the treatments for ovarian cysts?
If you have not yet gone through menopause, you may not need any treatment, unless the cyst is very big or causing pain. Sometimes, taking birth control pills will make the cyst smaller. Surgery may be needed if the cyst is causing symptoms or is more than 2 inches across.
If surgery is needed, often the cyst can be removed without removing the ovary. Even if one ovary has to be removed, it is still possible to become pregnant as long as one ovary remains.
After menopause, the risk of ovarian cancer increases. Surgery to remove an ovarian cyst is usually recommended in this case. Your doctor will probably want to do a biopsy to see if cancer is present.
If you have gone through menopause and you have an ovarian cyst, talk with your doctor about what will be done during surgery. Make sure you understand whether he or she plans to remove just the cyst, the cyst and the ovary, or to do a hysterectomy. Talk over the options with your doctor and make your own wishes known.
Hilton Johani is a leading expert on period pains,Tinnitus, hyperacusis and Meniere's disease and has been assisting John Currie in running his tinnitus related website since 1999.
His advice and tinnitus treatment plans have helped thousands of people around the world.
by Hilton Johani
If surgery is needed, often the cyst can be removed without removing the ovary. Even if one ovary has to be removed, it is still possible to become pregnant as long as one ovary remains.
After menopause, the risk of ovarian cancer increases. Surgery to remove an ovarian cyst is usually recommended in this case. Your doctor will probably want to do a biopsy to see if cancer is present.
If you have gone through menopause and you have an ovarian cyst, talk with your doctor about what will be done during surgery. Make sure you understand whether he or she plans to remove just the cyst, the cyst and the ovary, or to do a hysterectomy. Talk over the options with your doctor and make your own wishes known.
Hilton Johani is a leading expert on period pains,Tinnitus, hyperacusis and Meniere's disease and has been assisting John Currie in running his tinnitus related website since 1999.
His advice and tinnitus treatment plans have helped thousands of people around the world.
by Hilton Johani
ovarian cancer : Was Your Ovarian Cancer Misdiagnosed?
Two Percent of All Female Newborns in the United States Are at Risk of Getting Ovarian Cancer
As many as 30,000 U.S. women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer this year. In 2006, between 15,000 and 16,000 women are likely to die from this silent killer. Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of death among women, and it is responsible for about five percent of all cancer deaths. Chances are your doctor may have misdiagnosed you. That is often the case. A recent British study found 60 percent of all U.K. general practitioners had misdiagnosed their patients. Three-quarters of British doctors surveyed incorrectly assumed that symptoms only occurred in the late stages of ovarian cancer. Based upon that information, it should be no surprise that Britain has one of the lowest survival rates for ovarian cancer in the Western World – of 6,800 cases diagnosed each year, more than 4,600 die.
A similar discovery was made by University of California researchers, who announced last year, "Four in 10 women with ovarian cancer have symptoms that they tell their doctors about at least four months — and as long as one year — before they are diagnosed." According to their study of nearly 2,000 women with ovarian cancer, the researchers discovered physicians:
• First ordered abdominal imaging or performed gastrointestinal procedures instead of the more appropriate pelvic imaging and/or CA-125 (a blood test that can detect ovarian cancer).
• Only 25 percent of patients, who reported ovarian cancer symptoms four or more months before diagnosis, were given pelvic imaging or had CA-125 blood tests.
Patients with early symptoms are frequently misdiagnosed. Abdominal imaging or diagnostic gastrointestinal studies are less likely to detect ovarian cancer. According to the American Cancer Society's website, "The most common symptom is back pain, followed by fatigue, bloating, constipation, abdominal pain and urinary urgency. These symptoms tend to occur very frequently and become more severe with time. Most women with ovarian cancer have at least two of these symptoms."
By the time a woman reaches the fourth stage of ovarian cancer, her first-line treatment is often Carboplatin, Paclitaxel and Cisplatin as the specific chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. In the first stage, cancer is contained inside one or both ovaries. By stage two, the cancer has spread into the fallopian tubes or other pelvic tissues, such as the bladder or rectum. When the cancer has spread outside the pelvis area into the abdominal cavity, especially when tumor growths are larger than two centimeters on the lining of the abdomen, then ovarian cancer has reached stage three. The fourth and final stage of ovarian cancer is reached when the cancer has spread into other body organs, such as the liver or lungs.
If detected early, survival rates can be as high as 90 percent. Detected in the advanced stage, the survival rate falls to between 30 and 40 percent. Various imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and ultrasound studies can confirm whether a pelvic mass is present. A laparoscopy can help a doctor look at the ovaries and other pelvic tissue to in order to plan out a surgical procedure, or to determine the stage of the ovarian cancer. A biopsy, or tissue sampling, would confirm if there is cancer in your pelvic region, and would help determine how advanced it is. An elevated CA-125 blood test typically suggests the cancer has progressed to the advanced stage.
About 50 percent of ovarian cancer patients are already at an advanced stage by the time a correct diagnosis is made. Only 10 to 14 percent of women with advanced cancer are likely to survive more than five years.
by James Finch
As many as 30,000 U.S. women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer this year. In 2006, between 15,000 and 16,000 women are likely to die from this silent killer. Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of death among women, and it is responsible for about five percent of all cancer deaths. Chances are your doctor may have misdiagnosed you. That is often the case. A recent British study found 60 percent of all U.K. general practitioners had misdiagnosed their patients. Three-quarters of British doctors surveyed incorrectly assumed that symptoms only occurred in the late stages of ovarian cancer. Based upon that information, it should be no surprise that Britain has one of the lowest survival rates for ovarian cancer in the Western World – of 6,800 cases diagnosed each year, more than 4,600 die.
A similar discovery was made by University of California researchers, who announced last year, "Four in 10 women with ovarian cancer have symptoms that they tell their doctors about at least four months — and as long as one year — before they are diagnosed." According to their study of nearly 2,000 women with ovarian cancer, the researchers discovered physicians:
• First ordered abdominal imaging or performed gastrointestinal procedures instead of the more appropriate pelvic imaging and/or CA-125 (a blood test that can detect ovarian cancer).
• Only 25 percent of patients, who reported ovarian cancer symptoms four or more months before diagnosis, were given pelvic imaging or had CA-125 blood tests.
Patients with early symptoms are frequently misdiagnosed. Abdominal imaging or diagnostic gastrointestinal studies are less likely to detect ovarian cancer. According to the American Cancer Society's website, "The most common symptom is back pain, followed by fatigue, bloating, constipation, abdominal pain and urinary urgency. These symptoms tend to occur very frequently and become more severe with time. Most women with ovarian cancer have at least two of these symptoms."
By the time a woman reaches the fourth stage of ovarian cancer, her first-line treatment is often Carboplatin, Paclitaxel and Cisplatin as the specific chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. In the first stage, cancer is contained inside one or both ovaries. By stage two, the cancer has spread into the fallopian tubes or other pelvic tissues, such as the bladder or rectum. When the cancer has spread outside the pelvis area into the abdominal cavity, especially when tumor growths are larger than two centimeters on the lining of the abdomen, then ovarian cancer has reached stage three. The fourth and final stage of ovarian cancer is reached when the cancer has spread into other body organs, such as the liver or lungs.
If detected early, survival rates can be as high as 90 percent. Detected in the advanced stage, the survival rate falls to between 30 and 40 percent. Various imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and ultrasound studies can confirm whether a pelvic mass is present. A laparoscopy can help a doctor look at the ovaries and other pelvic tissue to in order to plan out a surgical procedure, or to determine the stage of the ovarian cancer. A biopsy, or tissue sampling, would confirm if there is cancer in your pelvic region, and would help determine how advanced it is. An elevated CA-125 blood test typically suggests the cancer has progressed to the advanced stage.
About 50 percent of ovarian cancer patients are already at an advanced stage by the time a correct diagnosis is made. Only 10 to 14 percent of women with advanced cancer are likely to survive more than five years.
by James Finch
Tuesday, May 30, 2006
ovarian cancer : Cancer of the Ovaries
Treatments and Risk Factors
The treatment for ovarian cancer varies according to a number of factors. For most women the first treatment is also a diagnostic procedure which involves surgery to determine the extent to which the disease has spread. As a result of surgery, the cancer will be staged.
Stages range from I to IV, with I being the earliest and IV being the most advanced stage. Treatment of ovarian cancer is based on the stage and grade of the disease. A pathologist will determine the grade (how likely it is to spread) of the malignancy.
Hysterectomy with salpingo- oophorectomy (removal the fallopian tubes and one or both ovaries) will most often follow a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Young women who still desire children and who have certain types of early ovarian cancer confined to one ovary may be able to have only the diseased ovary removed.
Chemotherapy or radiation will follow the hysterectomy based on individual patient cases.
Are You at Risk?
An immediate (mother, sister, or daughter) family member who has had ovarian cancer increases your risk of developing this disease about three times, giving you a five to seven percent risk of future ovarian cancer.
When the cause is genetic, ovarian cancer usually shows up a decade earlier in each successive generation. Are You at Risk?
An immediate (mother, sister, or daughter) family member who has had ovarian cancer increases your risk of developing this disease about three times, giving you a five to seven percent risk of future ovarian cancer.
When the cause is genetic, ovarian cancer usually shows up a decade earlier in each successive generation. (If your mother had ovarian cancer in her 60's, you stand a good chance that this disease will develop in you in your 50's.)
Genetic counseling is a good idea for women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancers. Women with a family history may opt for oophorectomy, although this procedure does not offer absolute protection it does reduce risk by 75 to 90 percent.
Research has determined that women who use powders to dust their genital areas have a 60 percent higher risk of ovarian cancer. Feminine deodorant sprays can almost double your risk!
Women who use oral contraceptives for at least five years reduce their chance of developing ovarian cancer by half for the short-term following use and possibly for lifetime. The longer you use the pill, the lower your risk.
Having two or three children can cut your risk by as much as 30 percent over women who never conceive or give birth. Having five or more children reduces the risk up to 50 percent, and breast-feeding your children can further reduce your risk.
Tubal ligation reduces a woman's risk up to 70 percent.
From Tracee Cornforth,
The treatment for ovarian cancer varies according to a number of factors. For most women the first treatment is also a diagnostic procedure which involves surgery to determine the extent to which the disease has spread. As a result of surgery, the cancer will be staged.
Stages range from I to IV, with I being the earliest and IV being the most advanced stage. Treatment of ovarian cancer is based on the stage and grade of the disease. A pathologist will determine the grade (how likely it is to spread) of the malignancy.
Hysterectomy with salpingo- oophorectomy (removal the fallopian tubes and one or both ovaries) will most often follow a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Young women who still desire children and who have certain types of early ovarian cancer confined to one ovary may be able to have only the diseased ovary removed.
Chemotherapy or radiation will follow the hysterectomy based on individual patient cases.
Are You at Risk?
An immediate (mother, sister, or daughter) family member who has had ovarian cancer increases your risk of developing this disease about three times, giving you a five to seven percent risk of future ovarian cancer.
When the cause is genetic, ovarian cancer usually shows up a decade earlier in each successive generation. Are You at Risk?
An immediate (mother, sister, or daughter) family member who has had ovarian cancer increases your risk of developing this disease about three times, giving you a five to seven percent risk of future ovarian cancer.
When the cause is genetic, ovarian cancer usually shows up a decade earlier in each successive generation. (If your mother had ovarian cancer in her 60's, you stand a good chance that this disease will develop in you in your 50's.)
Genetic counseling is a good idea for women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancers. Women with a family history may opt for oophorectomy, although this procedure does not offer absolute protection it does reduce risk by 75 to 90 percent.
Research has determined that women who use powders to dust their genital areas have a 60 percent higher risk of ovarian cancer. Feminine deodorant sprays can almost double your risk!
Women who use oral contraceptives for at least five years reduce their chance of developing ovarian cancer by half for the short-term following use and possibly for lifetime. The longer you use the pill, the lower your risk.
Having two or three children can cut your risk by as much as 30 percent over women who never conceive or give birth. Having five or more children reduces the risk up to 50 percent, and breast-feeding your children can further reduce your risk.
Tubal ligation reduces a woman's risk up to 70 percent.
From Tracee Cornforth,
ovarian cancer ; Diagnosis
Symptomless ovarian cancer is most often detected during a woman's regular gynecological examination. Your physician will palpitate your ovaries during your pelvic and rectal exam for the presence of ovarian cysts or fibroid tumors. If any abnormalities are noted, he will follow up with further testing which may include an ultrasound and chest X-ray. If further testing is required, a laparoscopy may be performed.
New methods for early screening of ovarian cancer are being investigated including ultrasound in conjunction with a blood test. The blood test may detect an antigen called CA 125 which has been detected in the blood of women with ovarian cancer.
These tests are useful in evaluating tumor growth, however neither of them has been proven as a reliable way to screen for ovarian cancer. Ultrasound can detect changes, but it does not give enough information alone to diagnose ovarian cancer. The CA 125 blood test can return positive results when no cancer is present due to other conditions a woman may experience including fibroid tumors, endometriosis, pelvic infection, pregnancy, or other non-gynecological problems.
Although these methods of screening for ovarian cancer look promising, further study is needed before either of these tests are routinely used to screen for ovarian cancer.
©2006 About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company. All rights reserved.
New methods for early screening of ovarian cancer are being investigated including ultrasound in conjunction with a blood test. The blood test may detect an antigen called CA 125 which has been detected in the blood of women with ovarian cancer.
These tests are useful in evaluating tumor growth, however neither of them has been proven as a reliable way to screen for ovarian cancer. Ultrasound can detect changes, but it does not give enough information alone to diagnose ovarian cancer. The CA 125 blood test can return positive results when no cancer is present due to other conditions a woman may experience including fibroid tumors, endometriosis, pelvic infection, pregnancy, or other non-gynecological problems.
Although these methods of screening for ovarian cancer look promising, further study is needed before either of these tests are routinely used to screen for ovarian cancer.
©2006 About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company. All rights reserved.
Ovarian Cancer: The Silent Killer
Ovarian cancer is often called the "silent" killer because many times there are no symptoms until the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. One-third of American women will get some form of cancer in their lifetime and approximately one and one half percent of those cases will be cancer involving one or both ovaries.
Early symptoms of ovarian cancer are often mild, making this disease difficult to detect. Some early symptoms may include:
An unusual feeling of fullness or discomfort in the pelvic region
Unexplainable indigestion, gas, or bloating that is not relieved with over-the-counter antacids
Pain during sexual intercourse
Abnormal bleeding
Swelling and pain of the abdomen
Most often these symptoms do not indicate ovarian cancer
However, if you experience them you should discuss them with your clinician.
Early detection of ovarian cancer offers a 90 percent cure rate. Sadly, a lack of symptoms from this silent disease means that about 75 percent of ovarian cancer cases will have spread to the abdomen by the time they are detected and, unfortunately, most patients die within five years.
©2006 About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company. All rights reserved.
Early symptoms of ovarian cancer are often mild, making this disease difficult to detect. Some early symptoms may include:
An unusual feeling of fullness or discomfort in the pelvic region
Unexplainable indigestion, gas, or bloating that is not relieved with over-the-counter antacids
Pain during sexual intercourse
Abnormal bleeding
Swelling and pain of the abdomen
Most often these symptoms do not indicate ovarian cancer
However, if you experience them you should discuss them with your clinician.
Early detection of ovarian cancer offers a 90 percent cure rate. Sadly, a lack of symptoms from this silent disease means that about 75 percent of ovarian cancer cases will have spread to the abdomen by the time they are detected and, unfortunately, most patients die within five years.
©2006 About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company. All rights reserved.
Monday, May 29, 2006
ovarian cancer ; Possible Side Effects of Treatment
The side effects of cancer treatment depend on the type of treatment and may be different for each woman. Doctors and nurses will explain the possible side effects of treatment, and they can suggest ways to help relieve problems that may occur during and after treatment.
Surgery causes short-term pain and tenderness in the area of the operation. Discomfort or pain after surgery can be controlled with medicine. Patients should feel free to discuss pain relief with their doctor. For several days after surgery, the patient may have difficulty emptying her bladder and having bowel movements. When both ovaries are removed, a woman loses her ability to become pregnant. Some women may experience feelings of loss that may make intimacy difficult. Counseling or support for both the patient and her partner may be helpful.
Also, removing the ovaries means that the body's natural source of estrogen and progesterone is lost, and menopause occurs. Symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, are likely to appear soon after the surgery. Some form of hormone replacement therapy may be used to ease such symptoms. Deciding whether to use it is a personal choice; women with ovarian cancer should discuss with their doctors the possible risks and benefits of using hormone replacement therapy.
Chemotherapy affects normal as well as cancerous cells. Side effects depend largely on the specific drugs and the dose (amount of drug given). Common side effects of chemotherapy include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, fatigue, numbness and tingling in hands or feet, headaches, hair loss, and darkening of the skin and fingernails. Certain drugs used in the treatment of ovarian cancer can cause some hearing loss or kidneys damage. To help protect the kidneys while taking these drugs, patients may receive extra fluid intravenously.
Radiation therapy, like chemotherapy, affects normal as well as cancerous cells. Side effects of radiation therapy depend mainly on the treatment dose and the part of the body that is treated. Common side effects of radiation therapy to the abdomen are fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, urinary discomfort, diarrhea, and skin changes on the abdomen. Intraperitoneal radiation therapy may cause abdominal pain and bowel obstruction (a blockage of the intestine).
Doctors and nurses will explain the possible side effects of treatment, and they can suggest ways to help relieve problems that may occur during and after treatment.
http://www.cancersociety.com/ovarian_tp.cfm
Surgery causes short-term pain and tenderness in the area of the operation. Discomfort or pain after surgery can be controlled with medicine. Patients should feel free to discuss pain relief with their doctor. For several days after surgery, the patient may have difficulty emptying her bladder and having bowel movements. When both ovaries are removed, a woman loses her ability to become pregnant. Some women may experience feelings of loss that may make intimacy difficult. Counseling or support for both the patient and her partner may be helpful.
Also, removing the ovaries means that the body's natural source of estrogen and progesterone is lost, and menopause occurs. Symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, are likely to appear soon after the surgery. Some form of hormone replacement therapy may be used to ease such symptoms. Deciding whether to use it is a personal choice; women with ovarian cancer should discuss with their doctors the possible risks and benefits of using hormone replacement therapy.
Chemotherapy affects normal as well as cancerous cells. Side effects depend largely on the specific drugs and the dose (amount of drug given). Common side effects of chemotherapy include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, fatigue, numbness and tingling in hands or feet, headaches, hair loss, and darkening of the skin and fingernails. Certain drugs used in the treatment of ovarian cancer can cause some hearing loss or kidneys damage. To help protect the kidneys while taking these drugs, patients may receive extra fluid intravenously.
Radiation therapy, like chemotherapy, affects normal as well as cancerous cells. Side effects of radiation therapy depend mainly on the treatment dose and the part of the body that is treated. Common side effects of radiation therapy to the abdomen are fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, urinary discomfort, diarrhea, and skin changes on the abdomen. Intraperitoneal radiation therapy may cause abdominal pain and bowel obstruction (a blockage of the intestine).
Doctors and nurses will explain the possible side effects of treatment, and they can suggest ways to help relieve problems that may occur during and after treatment.
http://www.cancersociety.com/ovarian_tp.cfm
ovarian cancer ; Treatment for Ovarian Cancer
Treatment depends on a number of factors, including the stage of the disease and the general health of the patient. Patients are often treated by a team of specialists. The team may include a gynecologist, a gynecologic oncologist, a medical oncologist, and/or a radiation oncologist. Many different treatments and combinations of treatments are used to treat ovarian cancer.
Surgery is the usual initial treatment for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the cervix are usually removed. This operation is called a hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Often, the surgeon also removes the omentum (the thin tissue covering the stomach and large intestine) and lymph node (small organs located along the channels of the lymphatic system) in the abdomen.
Staging during surgery (to find out whether the cancer has spread) generally involves removing lymph nodes, samples of tissue from the diaphragm and other organs in the abdomen, and fluid from the abdomen. If the cancer has spread, the surgeon usually removes as much of the cancer as possible in a procedure called tumor debulking. Tumor debulking reduces the amount of cancer that will have to be treated later with chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be given to destroy any cancerous cells that may remain in the body after surgery, to control tumor growth, or to relieve symptoms of the disease.
Most drugs used to treat ovarian cancer are given by injection into a vein (intravenous). The drugs can be injected directly into a vein or given through a catheter, a thin tube. The catheter is placed into a large vein and remains there as long as it is needed. Some anticancer drugs are taken by mouth. Whether they are given intravenously or by mouth, the drugs enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body.
Another way to give chemotherapy is to put the drug directly into the abdomen through a catheter. With this method, called intraperitoneal chemotherapy, most of the drug remains in the abdomen.
After chemotherapy is completed, second-look surgery may be performed to examine the abdomen directly. The surgeon may remove fluid and tissue samples to see whether the anticancer drugs have been successful.
Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, involves the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy affects the cancer cells only in the treated area. The radiation may come from a machine (external radiation). Some women receive a treatment called intraperitoneal radiation therapy in which radioactive liquid is put directly into the abdomen through a catheter.
Clinical trial" (research studies) to evaluate new ways to treat cancer are an important treatment option for many women with ovarian cancer. In some studies, all patients receive the new treatment. In others, doctors compare different therapies by giving the promising new treatment to one group of patients and the usual (standard) therapy to another group. Through research, doctors learn new, more effective ways to treat cancer.
http://www.cancersociety.com/ovarian_tp.cfm
Surgery is the usual initial treatment for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the cervix are usually removed. This operation is called a hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Often, the surgeon also removes the omentum (the thin tissue covering the stomach and large intestine) and lymph node (small organs located along the channels of the lymphatic system) in the abdomen.
Staging during surgery (to find out whether the cancer has spread) generally involves removing lymph nodes, samples of tissue from the diaphragm and other organs in the abdomen, and fluid from the abdomen. If the cancer has spread, the surgeon usually removes as much of the cancer as possible in a procedure called tumor debulking. Tumor debulking reduces the amount of cancer that will have to be treated later with chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be given to destroy any cancerous cells that may remain in the body after surgery, to control tumor growth, or to relieve symptoms of the disease.
Most drugs used to treat ovarian cancer are given by injection into a vein (intravenous). The drugs can be injected directly into a vein or given through a catheter, a thin tube. The catheter is placed into a large vein and remains there as long as it is needed. Some anticancer drugs are taken by mouth. Whether they are given intravenously or by mouth, the drugs enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body.
Another way to give chemotherapy is to put the drug directly into the abdomen through a catheter. With this method, called intraperitoneal chemotherapy, most of the drug remains in the abdomen.
After chemotherapy is completed, second-look surgery may be performed to examine the abdomen directly. The surgeon may remove fluid and tissue samples to see whether the anticancer drugs have been successful.
Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, involves the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy affects the cancer cells only in the treated area. The radiation may come from a machine (external radiation). Some women receive a treatment called intraperitoneal radiation therapy in which radioactive liquid is put directly into the abdomen through a catheter.
Clinical trial" (research studies) to evaluate new ways to treat cancer are an important treatment option for many women with ovarian cancer. In some studies, all patients receive the new treatment. In others, doctors compare different therapies by giving the promising new treatment to one group of patients and the usual (standard) therapy to another group. Through research, doctors learn new, more effective ways to treat cancer.
http://www.cancersociety.com/ovarian_tp.cfm
ovarian cancer : Ovarian Cancer FAQs
Q. Where are the ovaries?
A. The ovaries are above the womb and connected to it by two short tubes (the Fallopian tubes). This means that they are below and to either side of the navel.
Q. How common is ovarian cancer?
A. In the year 2000 (the most recent for which figures are available) there were 6,734 cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed in the UK. In the USA the estimated 2004 incidence is 25,500 cases. Overall about one woman in 50 will get ovarian cancer at some time during her life.
Q. How dangerous are ovarian cancers?
A. In 2002, 4,687 women in the UK died of ovarian cancer, making it a more common cause of death than cervical and uterine cancer combined. In the USA it is estimated that 16,000 women will die from ovarian cancer in 2004.
Q. What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?
A. Like most cancers it is more common with increasing age. The other risk factor is if you carry certain genes (see below). Having children reduces the risk: women with three or four children have only half the risk of a childless woman. Infertile women (ie women who cannot conceive despite trying for several years) appear to have an even higher risk than other childless women. Taking the contraceptive pill reduces the risk of ovarian cancer by somewhere between a third and a half, depending on how long it is taken for.
Although the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on ovarian cancer risk has been studied, the results are unclear. Some studies have found an increased risk, but analysis of all the published research shows conflicting results.
There have been some reports claiming that using talc in the genital area increases the risk of ovarian cancer. However, most of the research conducted on this has not produced reliable findings and there is no good evidence to support these claims.
. Does the diet affect the risk of ovarian cancer?
A. There is some evidence that being overweight can increase your risk of ovarian cancer. Some research has suggested that beta-carotene in the diet can reduce the risk of this cancer, although this finding has not yet been confirmed.
Q. Does ovarian cancer run in families?
A. There are several genes, which are known to carry increased risks of various cancers, which can run in families. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were originally discovered because they cause an increased risk of breast cancer, but we now know that they also substantially increase the risk of ovarian cancer. The HNPCC gene was discovered because it increases the risk of colon cancer, but women with this gene also have a greater chance of getting ovarian cancer. Overall, if you have one close relative (mother, sister or daughter) who has had ovarian cancer, your risk goes up about 4-fold. If you have two cases amongst close relatives, your risk goes up 10-fold or more.
Q. Can we screen for ovarian cancer.
A. There is no reliable method of screening for ovarian cancer. However, both the CA125 blood test and vaginal ultrasound are currently being tested as possible methods for screening women for ovarian cancer.
Q. What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?
A. There are few clear symptoms of ovarian cancer. Typically it can cause pain in the abdomen, a feeling of being bloated, fatigue, weight loss, or problems with urination. However, these can all be caused by a number of other diseases. This makes it difficult to diagnose ovarian cancer by symptoms alone.
Q. How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?
A. If ovarian cancer is suspected, two main tests are used to make the diagnosis. First, an ultrasound scan of the abdomen is performed. Sometimes the scan is taken from inside the vagina. The second test is to measure the level of the CA125 marker in the blood. Neither of these tests gives a definite diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but if both tests are positive, the patient is usually referred to a surgeon who will operate to see if the ovaries show any signs of cancer.
Q. How is ovarian cancer treated?
A. The treatment used will depend on how advanced the cancer is and how old the patient is. For younger patients with early cancer, limited surgery is used to preserve their fertility. For older patients with more advanced cancers, the ovaries and the womb are usually removed. If the cancer has spread, further tissue may need to be removed to get out as much of the cancer as possible. Chemotherapy is normally used after the surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Sometimes it is also used before the surgery to shrink the tumour and make it easier to remove completely.
Q. How effective are the treatments?
A. Overall, only about two out of every five women with ovarian cancer can be cured. Like all other cancers, the stage at which ovarian cancer is diagnosed determines how easily it is to cure. If diagnosed and treated while the cancer is still confined to the ovaries, nearly 75% of women can be cured. However, once it has spread into the pelvic cavity, the cure rate drops to one third. If it has spread further, only one quarter to on sixth of patients can be cured. For these figures 'cured' is defined as surviving for five years after the first diagnosis.
(c) 2004-05 Association for International Cancer Research
A. The ovaries are above the womb and connected to it by two short tubes (the Fallopian tubes). This means that they are below and to either side of the navel.
Q. How common is ovarian cancer?
A. In the year 2000 (the most recent for which figures are available) there were 6,734 cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed in the UK. In the USA the estimated 2004 incidence is 25,500 cases. Overall about one woman in 50 will get ovarian cancer at some time during her life.
Q. How dangerous are ovarian cancers?
A. In 2002, 4,687 women in the UK died of ovarian cancer, making it a more common cause of death than cervical and uterine cancer combined. In the USA it is estimated that 16,000 women will die from ovarian cancer in 2004.
Q. What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?
A. Like most cancers it is more common with increasing age. The other risk factor is if you carry certain genes (see below). Having children reduces the risk: women with three or four children have only half the risk of a childless woman. Infertile women (ie women who cannot conceive despite trying for several years) appear to have an even higher risk than other childless women. Taking the contraceptive pill reduces the risk of ovarian cancer by somewhere between a third and a half, depending on how long it is taken for.
Although the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on ovarian cancer risk has been studied, the results are unclear. Some studies have found an increased risk, but analysis of all the published research shows conflicting results.
There have been some reports claiming that using talc in the genital area increases the risk of ovarian cancer. However, most of the research conducted on this has not produced reliable findings and there is no good evidence to support these claims.
. Does the diet affect the risk of ovarian cancer?
A. There is some evidence that being overweight can increase your risk of ovarian cancer. Some research has suggested that beta-carotene in the diet can reduce the risk of this cancer, although this finding has not yet been confirmed.
Q. Does ovarian cancer run in families?
A. There are several genes, which are known to carry increased risks of various cancers, which can run in families. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were originally discovered because they cause an increased risk of breast cancer, but we now know that they also substantially increase the risk of ovarian cancer. The HNPCC gene was discovered because it increases the risk of colon cancer, but women with this gene also have a greater chance of getting ovarian cancer. Overall, if you have one close relative (mother, sister or daughter) who has had ovarian cancer, your risk goes up about 4-fold. If you have two cases amongst close relatives, your risk goes up 10-fold or more.
Q. Can we screen for ovarian cancer.
A. There is no reliable method of screening for ovarian cancer. However, both the CA125 blood test and vaginal ultrasound are currently being tested as possible methods for screening women for ovarian cancer.
Q. What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?
A. There are few clear symptoms of ovarian cancer. Typically it can cause pain in the abdomen, a feeling of being bloated, fatigue, weight loss, or problems with urination. However, these can all be caused by a number of other diseases. This makes it difficult to diagnose ovarian cancer by symptoms alone.
Q. How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?
A. If ovarian cancer is suspected, two main tests are used to make the diagnosis. First, an ultrasound scan of the abdomen is performed. Sometimes the scan is taken from inside the vagina. The second test is to measure the level of the CA125 marker in the blood. Neither of these tests gives a definite diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but if both tests are positive, the patient is usually referred to a surgeon who will operate to see if the ovaries show any signs of cancer.
Q. How is ovarian cancer treated?
A. The treatment used will depend on how advanced the cancer is and how old the patient is. For younger patients with early cancer, limited surgery is used to preserve their fertility. For older patients with more advanced cancers, the ovaries and the womb are usually removed. If the cancer has spread, further tissue may need to be removed to get out as much of the cancer as possible. Chemotherapy is normally used after the surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Sometimes it is also used before the surgery to shrink the tumour and make it easier to remove completely.
Q. How effective are the treatments?
A. Overall, only about two out of every five women with ovarian cancer can be cured. Like all other cancers, the stage at which ovarian cancer is diagnosed determines how easily it is to cure. If diagnosed and treated while the cancer is still confined to the ovaries, nearly 75% of women can be cured. However, once it has spread into the pelvic cavity, the cure rate drops to one third. If it has spread further, only one quarter to on sixth of patients can be cured. For these figures 'cured' is defined as surviving for five years after the first diagnosis.
(c) 2004-05 Association for International Cancer Research
Sunday, May 28, 2006
ovarian cancer : Proteins' promise: new test could reveal early ovarian cancer
A test that measures protein concentrations in the blood can signal the presence of ovarian cancer, a new study shows. The finding brings scientists a step closer to a diagnostic tool for catching this stealthy cancer early enough for effective treatment. The researchers caution, however, that they haven't yet perfected the procedure.
There is currently no routine screening for ovarian cancer in the general population, even though more than 22,000 women are diagnosed with the disease each year in the United States. Doctors typically test for ovarian cancer when a woman experiences a combination of symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and abnormal vaginal bleeding, or if she has a family history of this cancer. Doctors use ultrasound or touch to examine the abdomen and can use a blood sample to look for a high concentration of the protein called CA125, which sometimes indicates ovarian cancer.
Unfortunately, these tests miss many early-stage ovarian cancers, a shortcoming that has tragic consequences. Most women found to have ovarian cancer don't survive 5 years beyond the day of diagnosis, primarily because the cancer has spread unnoticed by the time it's discovered. However, early-stage cancer that's confined to the ovaries is highly treatable.
To devise an early-warning test, David C. Ward of the Nevada Cancer Institute in Las Vegas and his colleagues measured the relative concentrations of 169 proteins in the blood of ovarian cancer patients and healthy women. The amounts of 35 of the proteins varied significantly between the groups.
The researchers chose four of those proteins that are relatively simple to detect as the basis for a new ovarian cancer test. Two of the proteins, prolactin and osteopontin, showed up more abundantly in the cancer patients. The two others, leptin and insulin-like growth factor-II, were scarcer in the patients.
The researchers tried out the test on 246 blood samples, about half from cancer patients and half from healthy women. The four-protein analysis enabled the scientists, who didn't know beforehand the source of a sample, to correctly identify the cancer status of the blood-sample donor 95 percent of the time. Notably, the test correctly spotted 26 of 27 early-stage ovarian cancers, the team reports in an upcoming Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
By testing their approach on blood samples from unidentified women, the researchers "make a powerful argument for the potential of this type of strategy," says John O. Schorge of the University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
Doctors at the Yale University School of Medicine are using the new analysis to test women who have a close relative with ovarian cancer or who harbor a mutation in one of the cancer-suppressing genes known as BRCA1 or BRCA2, Ward says. Such women are likely to be the first to benefit from a test for ovarian cancer, Schorge says.
Ward's team is attempting to improve the test's accuracy by adding other proteins to the array tested. "We absolutely have to increase the sensitivity of this test," Ward says. Before such a test can make it to the clinic, it would also have to prove itself in evaluations involving blood samples from thousands of women.
Science News,by N. Seppa
There is currently no routine screening for ovarian cancer in the general population, even though more than 22,000 women are diagnosed with the disease each year in the United States. Doctors typically test for ovarian cancer when a woman experiences a combination of symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and abnormal vaginal bleeding, or if she has a family history of this cancer. Doctors use ultrasound or touch to examine the abdomen and can use a blood sample to look for a high concentration of the protein called CA125, which sometimes indicates ovarian cancer.
Unfortunately, these tests miss many early-stage ovarian cancers, a shortcoming that has tragic consequences. Most women found to have ovarian cancer don't survive 5 years beyond the day of diagnosis, primarily because the cancer has spread unnoticed by the time it's discovered. However, early-stage cancer that's confined to the ovaries is highly treatable.
To devise an early-warning test, David C. Ward of the Nevada Cancer Institute in Las Vegas and his colleagues measured the relative concentrations of 169 proteins in the blood of ovarian cancer patients and healthy women. The amounts of 35 of the proteins varied significantly between the groups.
The researchers chose four of those proteins that are relatively simple to detect as the basis for a new ovarian cancer test. Two of the proteins, prolactin and osteopontin, showed up more abundantly in the cancer patients. The two others, leptin and insulin-like growth factor-II, were scarcer in the patients.
The researchers tried out the test on 246 blood samples, about half from cancer patients and half from healthy women. The four-protein analysis enabled the scientists, who didn't know beforehand the source of a sample, to correctly identify the cancer status of the blood-sample donor 95 percent of the time. Notably, the test correctly spotted 26 of 27 early-stage ovarian cancers, the team reports in an upcoming Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
By testing their approach on blood samples from unidentified women, the researchers "make a powerful argument for the potential of this type of strategy," says John O. Schorge of the University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
Doctors at the Yale University School of Medicine are using the new analysis to test women who have a close relative with ovarian cancer or who harbor a mutation in one of the cancer-suppressing genes known as BRCA1 or BRCA2, Ward says. Such women are likely to be the first to benefit from a test for ovarian cancer, Schorge says.
Ward's team is attempting to improve the test's accuracy by adding other proteins to the array tested. "We absolutely have to increase the sensitivity of this test," Ward says. Before such a test can make it to the clinic, it would also have to prove itself in evaluations involving blood samples from thousands of women.
Science News,by N. Seppa
ovarian cancer : Symptoms of ovarian cancer
Of the 128 women with a pelvic mass, 84 had benign masses and 44 had malignancies, 11 with early stage disease and 33 with advanced disease. Women with malignancies had a higher median number of symptoms and recurring symptoms than the clinic patients, with 36 percent having had symptoms for two months or less, 24 percent having symptoms for two to three months, and 14 percent having symptoms longer than one year. When comparing women who had malignancy with women who had IBS (and, therefore, had high numbers of symptoms), a significantly higher percentage of women with malignancy had pelvic pain (41 versus 25 percent), bloating (70 versus 49 percent), increased abdominal size (64 versus 32 percent), and urinary tract symptoms (55 versus 33 percent). Women with ovarian cancer were significantly more likely than the clinic group to have pelvic pain, abdominal pain, difficulty eating, bloating, increased abdominal size, and urinary urgency.
In comparing groups of symptoms, 43 percent of women with ovarian cancer had the combination of bloating, abdominal pain, and urinary tract symptoms, whereas 10 percent of women with benign masses, 13 percent of women with IBS, and 8 percent of clinic women had this combination. Symptoms were more severe and more frequent in women with ovarian cancer or IBS than in clinic patients. Symptoms typically were continuous in women with malignancies, compared with occasional and intermittent symptoms in clinic patients. Women with benign masses also often had daily symptoms, which overlapped with the symptoms experienced by women with ovarian cancer, but included constipation. Finally, women with ovarian cancer had a much shorter duration of symptoms at a median of six months or less compared with 12 to 24 months in clinic patients and those with IBS.
No effective screening test exists for ovarian cancer. The symptoms most commonly reported in patients with ovarian cancer include bloating, increased abdominal size, abdominal or pelvic pain, and urinary tract symptoms, although these also are common in women with benign masses. Symptoms tend to be more severe, more frequent, and of shorter duration in women with malignant masses than in women with benign masses. Women with ovarian cancer also are more likely to present with a combination of symptoms.The authors conclude that this study provides more evidence that ovarian cancer is not an asymptomatic disease. Symptoms that are more severe, more frequent, and of recent onset are more likely to be associated with ovarian masses.
Goff BA, et al. Frequency of symptoms of ovarian cancer in women presenting to primary care clinics. JAMA June 9, 2004;291:2705-12.
In comparing groups of symptoms, 43 percent of women with ovarian cancer had the combination of bloating, abdominal pain, and urinary tract symptoms, whereas 10 percent of women with benign masses, 13 percent of women with IBS, and 8 percent of clinic women had this combination. Symptoms were more severe and more frequent in women with ovarian cancer or IBS than in clinic patients. Symptoms typically were continuous in women with malignancies, compared with occasional and intermittent symptoms in clinic patients. Women with benign masses also often had daily symptoms, which overlapped with the symptoms experienced by women with ovarian cancer, but included constipation. Finally, women with ovarian cancer had a much shorter duration of symptoms at a median of six months or less compared with 12 to 24 months in clinic patients and those with IBS.
No effective screening test exists for ovarian cancer. The symptoms most commonly reported in patients with ovarian cancer include bloating, increased abdominal size, abdominal or pelvic pain, and urinary tract symptoms, although these also are common in women with benign masses. Symptoms tend to be more severe, more frequent, and of shorter duration in women with malignant masses than in women with benign masses. Women with ovarian cancer also are more likely to present with a combination of symptoms.The authors conclude that this study provides more evidence that ovarian cancer is not an asymptomatic disease. Symptoms that are more severe, more frequent, and of recent onset are more likely to be associated with ovarian masses.
Goff BA, et al. Frequency of symptoms of ovarian cancer in women presenting to primary care clinics. JAMA June 9, 2004;291:2705-12.
ovarian cancer : Symptoms of ovarian cancer
Although ovarian cancer has been thought to be asymptomatic until the late stages of the disease, recent studies have indicated that women with ovarian cancer reported symptoms before diagnosis, and these symptoms are similar for late and early disease stages. The most common complaints reported before diagnosis have included abdominal, gastrointestinal tract, pain, constitutional, urinary, and pelvic symtoms. Given that five-year survival for ovarian cancer is much higher with early diagnosis, a reliable set of symptoms to look for might facilitate early detection. Goff and colleagues performed a study of primary care patients to determine whether the frequency, severity, and duration of symptoms were more pronounced in women with ovarian cancer than in those seen for routine problems.
The authors surveyed women visiting two primary care sites regarding the severity, frequency, and duration of 20 symptoms associated with ovarian cancer. The same survey was given to women presenting at a specialty clinic for removal of an ovarian or pelvic mass.
Of the 1,709 patients who completed the survey, 25 percent were presenting for a general checkup, 13 percent were there for a mammogram, and 62 percent were being seen for specific problems. Of these women, 95 percent had at least one of the 20 listed symptoms in the previous year, with back pain reported most commonly (60 percent), then fatigue (52 percent), indigestion (37 percent), urinary tract symptoms (35 percent), constipation (33 percent), and abdominal pain (28 percent). Many of the symptoms recurred at least monthly in 72 percent of the women. Symptoms were most common in women with diabetes, thyroid disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Postmenopausal women had fewer symptoms overall than premenopausal women. As age increased, all symptoms were less common except for urinary tract symptoms.
by Caroline Wellbery
continue...
The authors surveyed women visiting two primary care sites regarding the severity, frequency, and duration of 20 symptoms associated with ovarian cancer. The same survey was given to women presenting at a specialty clinic for removal of an ovarian or pelvic mass.
Of the 1,709 patients who completed the survey, 25 percent were presenting for a general checkup, 13 percent were there for a mammogram, and 62 percent were being seen for specific problems. Of these women, 95 percent had at least one of the 20 listed symptoms in the previous year, with back pain reported most commonly (60 percent), then fatigue (52 percent), indigestion (37 percent), urinary tract symptoms (35 percent), constipation (33 percent), and abdominal pain (28 percent). Many of the symptoms recurred at least monthly in 72 percent of the women. Symptoms were most common in women with diabetes, thyroid disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Postmenopausal women had fewer symptoms overall than premenopausal women. As age increased, all symptoms were less common except for urinary tract symptoms.
by Caroline Wellbery
continue...
Monday, May 15, 2006
Full Size Jukebox
This amazing jukebox will be the hit of the party. A great addition to the basement or entertaining area of the home. Features include 42 cd storage, am/fm radio with digital tuner, dynamic 4 speaker stereo system, electronically assisted tuner, front loading 3 or 10 cd capacity changer, lcd display, programmable 20 track memory, random/repeat play, decorative musical playlist, percolating bubble tubes, neon lighting, external speaker outputs, BBE bass enhancer and tone control. Includes a full function remote control. 25.5"W x 15"D x 44.25"H (54"H with base cabinet). UL listed. Imported.
Copyright - DMSI 1999-2006
Copyright - DMSI 1999-2006
Friday, May 12, 2006
Home Theatre PowerCenter HT 800
Harmful power surges and voltage spikes can travel up the AC power line and damage connected equipment. Lightning, automatic garage doors, power tools, refrigerators and fluorescent lights all cause power surges and voltage spikes that affect phone lines and coax cables. Monster's Surge-Guard™ detects harmful power surges and voltage spikes before they reach components. This HT800 features special surge protection for coax cables used for satellite and cable TV connections. Other surge protectors Coax surge protection can result in as much as 20 to 30 dB of signal loss, which ultimately affects the output performance of coax connections. Monster's ultra-low loss RF circuitry provides virtually no signal loss to maintain peak performance..
Best of all, an audible surge alarm and visual surge indicator warn you of harmful surges and let you know you're getting the most advanced protection available. "Polluted" AC power can degrade the performance you expect from your home theatre components..
Unless you live directly behind Hoover Dam, your AC power is most likely "polluted" by appliances sharing the same power line with your home theatre components. Electrical power tools, refrigerators, air conditioners, radio transmitters, cellular phones, microwave ovens - even your neighbor's freezer - all can generate electromagnetic interference and radio frequency noise which pollutes the AC power and degrades both audio and video performance. Plus, even your home theatre components can generate noise interference, adding more "pollution" to your AC power..
As a result, you'll hear a loss of dynamic range and resolution with a compressed soundstage and imprecise imaging. You'll see a lack of sharpness and color detail lessening the home theatre experience. And you'll never know how much of the essential drama is gone in the high performance picture and sound your system was originally designed to deliver..
Monster's Clean Power Circuitry filters out power pollution for more natural sound and better TV picture. Designed by world renown AC power expert Richard March, Monster's Clean Power Circuitry uses special filters to dramatically reduce electronic noise on your AC power line to give you the best possible sound and picture from your components. You'll see a more vivid picture and hear more natural sound with increased dynamic range and less noise - especially if your AC power is severely polluted. You'll get back the performance you never knew you lost..
Monster PowerCenters make life easier. Monster's FlatProfile plug lets you push your furniture flush against the wall. And, with color-coded outlets and cord labels, you can avoid unplugging your VCR by mistake, causing it to blink "12:00." Finally, a generous eight-foot Monster power cord, which is the optimum length to reach most electrical outlets, is included. Maximize your system's protection. Now you can get protection from harmful surges, voltage spikes and inconvenience! Monster's PowerCenters offer high performance solutions for today's technology challenges.
© Academic Superstore LP. All Rights Reserved.
Best of all, an audible surge alarm and visual surge indicator warn you of harmful surges and let you know you're getting the most advanced protection available. "Polluted" AC power can degrade the performance you expect from your home theatre components..
Unless you live directly behind Hoover Dam, your AC power is most likely "polluted" by appliances sharing the same power line with your home theatre components. Electrical power tools, refrigerators, air conditioners, radio transmitters, cellular phones, microwave ovens - even your neighbor's freezer - all can generate electromagnetic interference and radio frequency noise which pollutes the AC power and degrades both audio and video performance. Plus, even your home theatre components can generate noise interference, adding more "pollution" to your AC power..
As a result, you'll hear a loss of dynamic range and resolution with a compressed soundstage and imprecise imaging. You'll see a lack of sharpness and color detail lessening the home theatre experience. And you'll never know how much of the essential drama is gone in the high performance picture and sound your system was originally designed to deliver..
Monster's Clean Power Circuitry filters out power pollution for more natural sound and better TV picture. Designed by world renown AC power expert Richard March, Monster's Clean Power Circuitry uses special filters to dramatically reduce electronic noise on your AC power line to give you the best possible sound and picture from your components. You'll see a more vivid picture and hear more natural sound with increased dynamic range and less noise - especially if your AC power is severely polluted. You'll get back the performance you never knew you lost..
Monster PowerCenters make life easier. Monster's FlatProfile plug lets you push your furniture flush against the wall. And, with color-coded outlets and cord labels, you can avoid unplugging your VCR by mistake, causing it to blink "12:00." Finally, a generous eight-foot Monster power cord, which is the optimum length to reach most electrical outlets, is included. Maximize your system's protection. Now you can get protection from harmful surges, voltage spikes and inconvenience! Monster's PowerCenters offer high performance solutions for today's technology challenges.
© Academic Superstore LP. All Rights Reserved.
Tuesday, May 09, 2006
Roulette Tutorial
Roulette is one of the most popular casino table game in the world. While at first glance the roulette table layout may appear quite complicated, roulette is actually a very easy game to play and understand. To play the game of roulette is rather uncomplicated, but one must be a bit familiar with roulette rules before you play roulette and place any sophisticated bets. In addition to roulette rules, this page addresses proper etiquette around the table when you play roulette, and gives a walkthrough so you know exactly how to play roulette by the rules.
Roulette doesn't move at a quick pace, it's for a more relaxed crowd than you're likely to find at the craps table. Roulette rules kind of necessitate this sluggishness, as making all of the bets is what slows things down. When you're at the point that you want to place your bet, don't be concerned about someone else having already taken your bet, chips can share bets thanks to the colors. Roulette rules give you lots of time to set your bet, and can even keep doing so after the roulette wheel has been spun, just don't try it after the roulette dealer waves his hands over the table (if there are any new players the dealer will most likely say 'no more bets' out-loud too). Once the ball has found its pocket, the roulette dealer will call out the winning number and place a clear marker on that number's spot on the table layout. The roulette dealer then sweeps the table clean and the winner is paid. Wait until the roulette dealer says 'place your bets' before putting any chips down for the next spin.
HOW THE GAME IS PLAYED
A wood-and-chrome, bowl-shaped wheel with blocks numbered 0 to 36 is spun in one direction. (The American wheel has an additional number: the Double-Zero (00), and it can be spun only in one direction, whereas the French wheel can be spun in both directions.) The numbers 1 thru 36 are evenly split between red and black, while 0 and 00 are green pockets. A small ivory ball is spun around the outer rim of the wheel in the opposite direction. As the ball slows, it drops into one of the pockets of the wheel. You bet on which pocket the ball will drop into. There are a large number of bets allowed in casino roulette.
http://www.homepokergames.com/roulette.php
Roulette doesn't move at a quick pace, it's for a more relaxed crowd than you're likely to find at the craps table. Roulette rules kind of necessitate this sluggishness, as making all of the bets is what slows things down. When you're at the point that you want to place your bet, don't be concerned about someone else having already taken your bet, chips can share bets thanks to the colors. Roulette rules give you lots of time to set your bet, and can even keep doing so after the roulette wheel has been spun, just don't try it after the roulette dealer waves his hands over the table (if there are any new players the dealer will most likely say 'no more bets' out-loud too). Once the ball has found its pocket, the roulette dealer will call out the winning number and place a clear marker on that number's spot on the table layout. The roulette dealer then sweeps the table clean and the winner is paid. Wait until the roulette dealer says 'place your bets' before putting any chips down for the next spin.
HOW THE GAME IS PLAYED
A wood-and-chrome, bowl-shaped wheel with blocks numbered 0 to 36 is spun in one direction. (The American wheel has an additional number: the Double-Zero (00), and it can be spun only in one direction, whereas the French wheel can be spun in both directions.) The numbers 1 thru 36 are evenly split between red and black, while 0 and 00 are green pockets. A small ivory ball is spun around the outer rim of the wheel in the opposite direction. As the ball slows, it drops into one of the pockets of the wheel. You bet on which pocket the ball will drop into. There are a large number of bets allowed in casino roulette.
http://www.homepokergames.com/roulette.php
Friday, May 05, 2006
How can city serve Asian population?
The QVS Food Mart on Route 165 is one of only a few stores close by for thousands of residents on the city's East Side. Plus, Norwich's Asian population is growing faster than almost any other ethnic group.
But in its fifth year, Tse's store is barely staying afloat.
"I'm staying on, but I'm losing money," he said. "I've never worked this hard in my life. I'm still here, though. I don't want to give up that easy."
Tse's business difficulty is one example of the confusing disconnect between the new Asian population and the established services and businesses Norwich has to offer them.
QVS offers ethnic products, but its location puts it out of reach for many Asian immigrants who rely on public transportation to get around the city.
City leaders want to bridge that gap. In the next couple of months, Mayor Ben Lathrop plans to invite Asian newcomers to City Hall to share ideas about what city leaders can do for them.
"Maybe the first meeting, we won't get a lot of people," Lathrop said. "But maybe those people will talk and word would spread. I want to tap into that new resource.
"If we don't take a step to open up the dialogue, then we both lose," he added.
Norwich businesses are missing out on a large discretionary income from Asian workers who come into the area for casino jobs, but return to New York City on their days off to spend time with family, said Planning Director Peter Davis. He and other city leaders want to find out what needs to happen to get more Asian immigrants to make Norwich their home.
Fe Delos-Santos, program director at the University of Connecticut's Asian American Studies Institute, said people sometimes assume the different lifestyles of newcomers are culturally based, but they're really tied to money.
She said many Asian immigrants were displaced from New York City jobs after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. But even though they've ventured to Norwich for jobs, most still consider New York City home base.
"In New York City, they've already worked with social service agencies to help them navigate this complex system of service," Delos-Santos said. "And some of them might be a little daunted about where to begin out here."
Delos-Santos said many newcomers are hindered by the limited public transportation in Eastern Connecticut and don't have money to invest in a car, license and insurance.
Many attribute Tse's business troubles to the fact that his store is tough to get to without a car.
But Tse, determined to make his store a success, is launching a creative approach to lure more Asian and neighborhood clientele. He's adding an international food court to offer traditional Asian entrees along with classic American dishes.
"I cannot compete with the big supermarkets," he said. "We're more or less a quick mart for the neighborhood. But we're hoping with a mix we could stay above water."
Tse's food court will include dine-in, take-out or delivery options. He will serve authentic Hong Kong specialties, traditional Asian cuisine and American favorites -- such as hamburgers, grinders and pizza.
Jackie Espinoza, who has lived on Route 165 for 13 years, said the neighborhood desperately needs some eateries.
"If we had something on this side of town, it would be phenomenal," she said. "We have nothing over here."
Espinoza said the QVS dining option will be a good start, but really wants to see some other staples, such as a Dunkin' Donuts, Tim Horton's or Burger King.
"Even a little hot dog stand would be better than nothing," said her neighbor, Gloria Knox, who said she doesn't like Chinese food, but agreed there needs to be more East Side dining options.
Tse is looking forward to offering a mix of foods, all of which he said he enjoys.
"I am very international," he said, adding that he and his wife make a point of trying local foods anywhere they travel.
"My motto is eat everything and anything in moderation. Don't be afraid of trying anything," he said.
By DOROTHY SCHNEIDER
But in its fifth year, Tse's store is barely staying afloat.
"I'm staying on, but I'm losing money," he said. "I've never worked this hard in my life. I'm still here, though. I don't want to give up that easy."
Tse's business difficulty is one example of the confusing disconnect between the new Asian population and the established services and businesses Norwich has to offer them.
QVS offers ethnic products, but its location puts it out of reach for many Asian immigrants who rely on public transportation to get around the city.
City leaders want to bridge that gap. In the next couple of months, Mayor Ben Lathrop plans to invite Asian newcomers to City Hall to share ideas about what city leaders can do for them.
"Maybe the first meeting, we won't get a lot of people," Lathrop said. "But maybe those people will talk and word would spread. I want to tap into that new resource.
"If we don't take a step to open up the dialogue, then we both lose," he added.
Norwich businesses are missing out on a large discretionary income from Asian workers who come into the area for casino jobs, but return to New York City on their days off to spend time with family, said Planning Director Peter Davis. He and other city leaders want to find out what needs to happen to get more Asian immigrants to make Norwich their home.
Fe Delos-Santos, program director at the University of Connecticut's Asian American Studies Institute, said people sometimes assume the different lifestyles of newcomers are culturally based, but they're really tied to money.
She said many Asian immigrants were displaced from New York City jobs after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. But even though they've ventured to Norwich for jobs, most still consider New York City home base.
"In New York City, they've already worked with social service agencies to help them navigate this complex system of service," Delos-Santos said. "And some of them might be a little daunted about where to begin out here."
Delos-Santos said many newcomers are hindered by the limited public transportation in Eastern Connecticut and don't have money to invest in a car, license and insurance.
Many attribute Tse's business troubles to the fact that his store is tough to get to without a car.
But Tse, determined to make his store a success, is launching a creative approach to lure more Asian and neighborhood clientele. He's adding an international food court to offer traditional Asian entrees along with classic American dishes.
"I cannot compete with the big supermarkets," he said. "We're more or less a quick mart for the neighborhood. But we're hoping with a mix we could stay above water."
Tse's food court will include dine-in, take-out or delivery options. He will serve authentic Hong Kong specialties, traditional Asian cuisine and American favorites -- such as hamburgers, grinders and pizza.
Jackie Espinoza, who has lived on Route 165 for 13 years, said the neighborhood desperately needs some eateries.
"If we had something on this side of town, it would be phenomenal," she said. "We have nothing over here."
Espinoza said the QVS dining option will be a good start, but really wants to see some other staples, such as a Dunkin' Donuts, Tim Horton's or Burger King.
"Even a little hot dog stand would be better than nothing," said her neighbor, Gloria Knox, who said she doesn't like Chinese food, but agreed there needs to be more East Side dining options.
Tse is looking forward to offering a mix of foods, all of which he said he enjoys.
"I am very international," he said, adding that he and his wife make a point of trying local foods anywhere they travel.
"My motto is eat everything and anything in moderation. Don't be afraid of trying anything," he said.
By DOROTHY SCHNEIDER
Wednesday, May 03, 2006
Wreck Scuba Diving in Florida
Some of the most enjoyable diving you may ever do is wreck scuba diving. Because travel by ship was the main way of going from continent to continent prior to development of air travel, and because the technology used on ships and in weather forecasting was not advanced at all, many ships sank in waters around the world providing dives that are interesting and fun. There are so many wrecks that only the Florida wreck diving will be covered in this article.
In fact, there are so many Florida wreck scuba diving spots available, you'll have plenty of difficulty choosing which ones to dive. Hurricanes, coral reefs, shoals and pirates all help sink the ships that are often quite near the shores.
During the Spanish colonial period, the Florida Straits were the most frequently used passage for ships to access the Gulf Stream to get the boost of these fast-flowing currents for their trip home across the Atlantic Ocean. Some of these ships were never to return safely home but were trapped into one of the many tragedies that happened to the then ill-equipped vessel when challenging Mother Nature. Many of these unfortunate victims of the sea have been excavated and are awaiting your arrival.
One great wreck scuba diving destination is Pensacola in the Panhandle of Florida. There are lots of ships within a small area. In Pensacola Bay, eleven ships were to become victims of a hurricane during 1500. The colonists that were becoming settles on the shore at what is now known as Pensacola Bay were unloading vessels when the massive storm overtook them. Of course, there were no storm warnings like we have today and they were taken unaware. The result of the loss of the eleven ships was to soon become the demise of the colony which only lasted 60 years.
The Trinite is another great wreck scuba diving spot. This French wreck lies off St. Augustine and went down during a storm in 1565 while the Frenchmen were preparing to attack the Spaniards who had colonized this section of the northeast Florida coastline. After the vessel sank, the attack did not occur. Today you can not only scuba dive the wreck at St. Augustine but you can also see other sights like the nation's oldest school house and oldest drug store, tour the fort as well as get in some fun in the sun.
You can do some wreck scuba diving at the resting place of the Tierra Firme fleet. Two ships from the fleet of 27 vessels, the Atocha and the Santa Margarita, went to their watery graves along with 380 sailors during a hurricane in 1622. The fleet had more than $250 million in cargo among them and the Atocha proved to be quite a profitable salvage job once it was located and now you can see it for yourself along with her sister ship in the Florida Keys.
In 1700 the Henneta Marie, a slave trade vessel that had unloaded slaves in Jamaica and was in the Key West to load sugar from the plantations sank. Today you can visit Key West during your wreck scuba diving vacation and see the oldest know wreck of a slave trading vessel that has been identified by name.
While you are in the Florida Keys for wreck scuba diving, go see the San Pedro which was one of the last vessels from the New Spain fleet to cross to what is now the United States. In 1733, this ship was taken victim by a hurricane along with several other ships traveling with her. There are wrecks covering over 80 miles of the Florida Keys oceanscape from this storm. The Spanish salvaged this ship only to find that she had been burned to the waterline so that pirates could not loot her.
In 1713 a vessel named Urca de Lima owned by the Spanish ran aground on a shoal off Florida's Atlantic coast during a hurricane. There were nine other ships lost during this hurricane but because the Urca de Lima was grounded and did not sink like the others, she was used as a supply ship to provide for the survivors of the other shipwrecks as well as the one remaining French vessel that had been accompanying the Urca de Lima. Over 1,000 men lost their lives in this tragic hurricane.
You can find still dive and find shipwrecks under the waters of the Atlantic Ocean on Florida's eastern coast as well as some in the calmer waters of the Gulf of Mexico which run along the western shore of Florida and the southern edge of the Florida Panhandle.
Florida is a great place to go wreck scuba diving and you will find the waters warm enough to dive even in the winter. In fact, the winter is the peak season in this southern state. You can obtain discount rates if you choose to travel to Florida during the off-season which is May through November. You'll also enjoy less crowded areas and beaches with fewer visitors.
As you plan your wreck scuba diving in Florida, be sure to have all your dive equipment checked by a professional so that you won't experience any problems while visiting a wreck. If you do not want to take your own dive gear, there are many dive shops located along the coastlines of Florida ready to provide for your every need.
If you want to ensure that finding the wrecks, scuba diving with a charter boat that specialized in wreck diving is practical. These captains know exactly where to visit quickly and easily locate the wrecks you want to visit. These locals can also point out other places of interest to see and things to do in the area during your holiday.
While wreck scuba diving, remember that safety must always come first when in the water. Don't take unnecessary chances. Be sure to stay with your dive party and your trip will be a great success.
Wreck Scuba Diving and other Scuba Diving Vacations
by JAubin
In fact, there are so many Florida wreck scuba diving spots available, you'll have plenty of difficulty choosing which ones to dive. Hurricanes, coral reefs, shoals and pirates all help sink the ships that are often quite near the shores.
During the Spanish colonial period, the Florida Straits were the most frequently used passage for ships to access the Gulf Stream to get the boost of these fast-flowing currents for their trip home across the Atlantic Ocean. Some of these ships were never to return safely home but were trapped into one of the many tragedies that happened to the then ill-equipped vessel when challenging Mother Nature. Many of these unfortunate victims of the sea have been excavated and are awaiting your arrival.
One great wreck scuba diving destination is Pensacola in the Panhandle of Florida. There are lots of ships within a small area. In Pensacola Bay, eleven ships were to become victims of a hurricane during 1500. The colonists that were becoming settles on the shore at what is now known as Pensacola Bay were unloading vessels when the massive storm overtook them. Of course, there were no storm warnings like we have today and they were taken unaware. The result of the loss of the eleven ships was to soon become the demise of the colony which only lasted 60 years.
The Trinite is another great wreck scuba diving spot. This French wreck lies off St. Augustine and went down during a storm in 1565 while the Frenchmen were preparing to attack the Spaniards who had colonized this section of the northeast Florida coastline. After the vessel sank, the attack did not occur. Today you can not only scuba dive the wreck at St. Augustine but you can also see other sights like the nation's oldest school house and oldest drug store, tour the fort as well as get in some fun in the sun.
You can do some wreck scuba diving at the resting place of the Tierra Firme fleet. Two ships from the fleet of 27 vessels, the Atocha and the Santa Margarita, went to their watery graves along with 380 sailors during a hurricane in 1622. The fleet had more than $250 million in cargo among them and the Atocha proved to be quite a profitable salvage job once it was located and now you can see it for yourself along with her sister ship in the Florida Keys.
In 1700 the Henneta Marie, a slave trade vessel that had unloaded slaves in Jamaica and was in the Key West to load sugar from the plantations sank. Today you can visit Key West during your wreck scuba diving vacation and see the oldest know wreck of a slave trading vessel that has been identified by name.
While you are in the Florida Keys for wreck scuba diving, go see the San Pedro which was one of the last vessels from the New Spain fleet to cross to what is now the United States. In 1733, this ship was taken victim by a hurricane along with several other ships traveling with her. There are wrecks covering over 80 miles of the Florida Keys oceanscape from this storm. The Spanish salvaged this ship only to find that she had been burned to the waterline so that pirates could not loot her.
In 1713 a vessel named Urca de Lima owned by the Spanish ran aground on a shoal off Florida's Atlantic coast during a hurricane. There were nine other ships lost during this hurricane but because the Urca de Lima was grounded and did not sink like the others, she was used as a supply ship to provide for the survivors of the other shipwrecks as well as the one remaining French vessel that had been accompanying the Urca de Lima. Over 1,000 men lost their lives in this tragic hurricane.
You can find still dive and find shipwrecks under the waters of the Atlantic Ocean on Florida's eastern coast as well as some in the calmer waters of the Gulf of Mexico which run along the western shore of Florida and the southern edge of the Florida Panhandle.
Florida is a great place to go wreck scuba diving and you will find the waters warm enough to dive even in the winter. In fact, the winter is the peak season in this southern state. You can obtain discount rates if you choose to travel to Florida during the off-season which is May through November. You'll also enjoy less crowded areas and beaches with fewer visitors.
As you plan your wreck scuba diving in Florida, be sure to have all your dive equipment checked by a professional so that you won't experience any problems while visiting a wreck. If you do not want to take your own dive gear, there are many dive shops located along the coastlines of Florida ready to provide for your every need.
If you want to ensure that finding the wrecks, scuba diving with a charter boat that specialized in wreck diving is practical. These captains know exactly where to visit quickly and easily locate the wrecks you want to visit. These locals can also point out other places of interest to see and things to do in the area during your holiday.
While wreck scuba diving, remember that safety must always come first when in the water. Don't take unnecessary chances. Be sure to stay with your dive party and your trip will be a great success.
Wreck Scuba Diving and other Scuba Diving Vacations
by JAubin
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