Screening of ovarian cancer

When a patients is suspected of ovarian cancer tests and examination are always done before surgery. The doctor will check the patients medical and family history and after the medical history been done a physical exam together with a pelvis exam and pap test will be done on the patients. During the pelvic exam the doctor might able to felt an ovarian lump.

Others screening of ovarian cancer tests are chemistry screen to check for liver and kidney problems. When the doctor have done all the screening then surgery will be done. Surgery such as removing the ovaries and fallopian tube, removing lymph nodes. At times appendectomy will be done to removes your appendix.

Knowing some of the early sign of ovarian cancer

Knowing some of the early sign of ovarian cancer can save ones life but the symptoms of ovarian disease is quite difficult to know in the beginning as the disease are so mild that even the doctor may escape with the symptom or take the symptoms for other disease unless a fully body check is done. Still the real causes of ovarian cancer remain unknown but researchers believe it might be causes due to the monthly release of an egg through a tiny tear in an ovarian follicle. This ovarian cancer can occur in one or both ovaries, located on either side of the uterus. Most of the beginning symptoms of ovarian cancer are abdominal pain and urinary incontinence.

The first sign are always pain in abdomen and it is due to the ovarian tumors that attacking the female abdomen. This pain in the abdomen are always taken as stomach ache. If the pain in the abdomen happens many times. Another early symptoms of ovarian cancer are urinary incontinence where by the women will have abnormal urge to urinate and sometimes a woman may even leak urine even if she has gone to the bathroom. it is wise to check with your doctor and tells the doctor all about the unusual things.

Early symptoms of ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer refer as a silent cancer to women as the symptoms will slow to show and when it is notice its already spreads to other parts of the body or in the advance stage and the changers of curing is poor. The early stage symptoms of ovarian cancer can be notice or include is feeling difficulty in eating or feeling full most of the time or quickly. Feeling frequency and urgency in urine, bloating and feeling abdominal or pelvic pain. If women who experience such symptoms its advisable to see your doctor for early check up, as early stage diagnosis is associated with an improved prognosis which can save your life.

Women who has many children and breastfeeding their babies, their chances of diagnosis with ovarian cancer are very low in percentage. Taking birth controls is another factors that can lower the chances of getting ovarian cancer.

Symptom and risk factors of ovarian cancer

As ovarian cancer is a silent disease because most of the symptom when diagnose is at a late stage and had spread to other parts of the body. Ovarian cancer is a disease in which malignant cells are found in an ovary. The three cells that are found in the tissue are epithelial cell as most of these tumor are benign and 85% of this epithelial are ovarian cancer cases. The germ cell and the stromal cell. Most of the early symptom of ovarian cancer swelling in the abdomen. Having the frequency and urgency of urine. Feeling pain during sexual intercourse. Bowel problem and unexplained weight loss and gain. Loss of appetite and bleeding from the vagina.

Some of of risk factors of ovarian cancer in women are women whose family has history of ovarian cancer, Women having their first child at the age of after 30 years old, Having late Menopause mostly after the age of 55. Women who used Hormone Replacement Therapy after menopause periods has increased risk of suffering ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer may be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of treatments.

estrogen treatment increased the risk of ovarian cancer

Research has found that women during menopausal periods taking estrogen treatment are eight times higher risks of developing ovarian cancer than women who do not taking estrogen treatment. Estrogen treatment as confirned by the research as the cause of ovarian cancer and are likely to develop cancer of the lining of the uterus.

The latest large studies of ovarian cancer found a link between hormone use , showed that postmenopausal estrogen use for more then ten years was associated with the increased risk of ovarian cancer. Another reports that estrogen use alone and estrogen progestin used on average about ten days in a month will increased the risk of ovarian cancer.

Blood test for colon cancer risk

Doctor may soon be able to determine if a patients needs a colonoscopy through a new blood test which looks for a cancer related proteins that can identify colon cancer and precancerous polyps. This screening procedure for colon cancer is recommended for all adults over the age of fifty. The cancer reseacher doctor said that if the doctor can tell you, that you have a 92% change of having colon cancer, you might be more willing to undergo a colonoscopy.

Doctor use several tools to screen for colon cancer and precancerous lesions, including blood tests and imaging technologies such as virtual colonoscopy. Another promising new test identifies genetic markers for cancer in stool sampales. The blood test might also reduce the overall number of people who needs a colonoscopy by screening out low risk patients. Patient who is at high risk should have the test righ aways.

Ovarian cancer,women without children are at higger risk

Every year there are thousand and thousands of new cases of ovarian cancer discovered in the world and thousands deaths per year cause by ovarian cancer. The average age of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer is 60. It can happen in women at the early age or after sixty.

Most ovarian cancer symptoms are only detected at the late stages of the disease as the disease has already spread to others parts of the body. At this stages surgery is treated to remove the cancerous cells and then follow by chemotheraphy. It is advisable to see your doctor if you comes across symptoms such as intestinal problems, vaginal bleeding or problems with your menstrual cycles as earliest detection can save the disease from spreading to others parts of the body.

Women who had children had lower risk of getting ovarian cancer than women who had never been pragnant before or do not had children. Women using a long time oral contraceptives also reduces the risk of ovarian cancer.

one women out of 70 women will develop ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is often described as the "silent killer" because there are no readily identifiable symptoms. When sometimes you notice you have symptoms of ovarian cancer it might be to late to cure and the fourth killer disease in the world to women. Women after the age of fifty must had a ovarian check up as early detection can save a women lives.


Survey has found one women out of 70 women will develop ovarian cancer in her life time and the cancer occur more to white people than the Asian women. The risk factors for women to have ovarian cancer are women with ovulation facilitators who had several pregnancies and also a swedist study shows evidencw that high intakes of lactose and dairy products, especially milk, may incearse the risk of serous ovarian cancer. The less change of women to get ovarian cancer is food which isa vegetarian rich diet, breast feeding during chilbirth and oral contraceptives.

The symptoms pelvic-abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, non-menstruation related bleeding (spottings, metrorrhagy). Ovarian cancer is very often associated with other cancers which must be screened and detected simultaneously: breast, colon, endometrium (womb lining), cervix.

Nina Wong richest women in H.K. died of ovarian cancer

Hong kong, Nina Wong a powerful and the richest women in Asia bid farewell to the world who passed away yesterday on the 3rd of April at the age of sixty nine. She was reported to be suffering from overian cancer and the disease had latery spread to her liver and other parts of her organs. Nina Wong, a pigtailed business women who build her kinapped husband company into a real estate empire.

Nina Wong's husband, Teddy Wang was declared legally dead in 1999, nine years after he was abducted. he was never seen again despite the ransom requested by the kidnappers of US$33million being paid to the kidnappers by the family.

Nina Wong nickname little sweetie captivated the public with her girlish dress, big eyes and round face. She wore garlish outfits and kept her hair in pigtail. She mostly take fast food as her lunch and her dinner. News reports say she intended to donated a large sum of her fortune to charity.

Eat less could cut risk of cancer

The quest to create an effective anti-ageing pill receive a big boost from study that sheds light on why eating much less can help people live longer. Studies in a wide range of species from monkeys, to worms and mice have come to the same conclysion, eat all the nutritions necessary for a healthy life and cut calories to the bare minimum - half the normal daily amount and you could extent life span by up to half, pushing well over century, while cutting the risk of cancer,ovarian cancer, heart disease and strokes.

Another insight into how calorie restrition translates into a longer life is published by a team that has studied what happen in the body during these extreme diets. It is thought the effect could be mimicked with a long lifge pill. One theory on how calorie restrition slows agring is that it lowers free radical production by indycing the imformation of efficient mitochondria.

Ovarian cancer early detection saves lives.

History of colon cancer in the family is one of the risk for women of getting the disease. The risk of getting ovarian cancer is about 10% and endometrial cancer is about 50% because they carry a mismatch repair gene mutation. Women at high risk of ovarian cancer should be screened annually — with measurement of CA 125 level and transvaginal ultrasound examination.

Women with early-stage ovarian cancer if detected early has a high rate chance of survival as the disease has only affected the ovary. Most women when came to know that they affected with ovarian cancer they are already in stage two or three. This time the cancer has alredy spread from the ovary to the pelvis and the chances of survival is 50%. If detected at thr late stage where the disease has already spread to most parts of the body the chances of survival is very low. Early detection saves lives. There are a number of screening tests use currently to detected ovarian cancer. These include bimanual pelvic examination, ultrasound examination, and measurement of various circulating proteins.

ovarian cancer on my left ovary

Ovarian cancer has been quite common nowaday. I am a 47 and had a partial hysterectomy about 10 years ago after bad pap test, cone biopsies and severe bleeding for years. I was diagnosed with IBS and now have blood in my urine even after treatment with antibiotics for a UTI. My GP sent me for an ultrasound to rule out problems with my kidneys and bladder and found a 3cm cyst on my left ovary. When the GP called to tell me this, his nurse said it was nothing to worry about. After thinking about it I called back to have a copy of the report faxed to me. The report didn't say what type of cyst only the size. I am now waiting for my GYN to review the report and call me on Monday. I am more concerned because of my age and that previously gyn problems.

In 1990 I had a cone biopsy for severe Stage 3 dysplasia, but after that paps were normal and had 3 kids. Now I am having problems with cysts on my ovaries, adenomyosis, and fibroids. My urine also detected trace blood and still haven't found out why, but I suspect it is all related to my gyno problems since I was checked for everything else.

you will see that IBS is most always the easy answer for doctors. I'm gonna go out on a limb here and say you do not have IBS and you'll know why I say that after you read some of these women's stories. I am now in the process of seeing a gyno/onco b/c the pain of all my problems is excruciating and I'm trying to get some answers. One thing I've learned is to get copies of ALL the testing that has been done.

Risk factors of preventing ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer a silent killers to women of the world today. Study found women who take oral contraceptives or birth control pills more then two years are less risk to ovarian cancer by as mush as fifty percent compare to women who did not take the pills at all.

Another risk factors of preventing ovarian cancer is the tying of the fallopian tubes if the couples are sure that they don't want anymore kids. This testing show significantly the reduce of your risks of getting ovarian cancer by more then sixty percent.

For women who breast feed their child and has more then one kids in breast feeding are also found to have less risk in developing ovarian cancer and breast cancer. Women who are not married or has no children, has higher risk of developing ovarian then women who has more then one child.

Ways of preventing of ovarian cancer

There are ways to reduce and prevent your risk factors for ovarian cancer. The best way to reduce your chance of ovarian cancer is to take oral contraceptives or birth control pills. Studies have found that these medicines have reduced the risks of ovarian cancer by over fifty percent for women who have taken them for three or more years. As mutations of certain genes has be found in women who have had genetic screening.

Fallopian tubes is another ways for tying to reduce and prevent rick of ovarian cancer. Fallopian tubes has help to reduce the risks of ovarian cancer by two-thirds. And also a good option for those women who are sure they don’t want kids anymore.

In addition, those who have more than one child and breast feed them for more than one year have been found to have a reduced risk of developing ovarian cancer.
Of course it is best to discuss these issues with your doctor, get screening and have a strategy on reducing your risks of ovarian cancer.

Stages and test of ovarian cancer

By the stage of a cancer we try to express how far the disease has spread. It is crucial, as treatment is mostly decided depending on the stage of a cancer. For ovarian cancer, doctors use a simple I-IV staging system called the FIGO system. First stage means the cancer is confined to the ovaries. second stage mean the cancer has grown outside the ovary or ovaries, third stage means the cancer has spread outside the pelvis into the abdominal cavity. fouth stage the most advanced of all, means the cancer has spread into other body organs such as the liver or lungs.

Currently, there is no specific screening test for ovarian cancer. However, research is ongoing to develop a reliable method for early detection among asymptomatic women.

In the meantime, regular physicals, pelvic exams, and an awareness of family history and symptoms are important.
Testing of symptomatic women includes the following, which have been shown to be positive in ovarian cancer (although not all of these tests would be used in an individual patient as they detect different types of ovarian tumors):
Ultrasound (pelvic and/or transvaginal): uses sound waves to create a picture of the uterus and ovaries. It can help determine whether an ovarian growth is likely to be a cancer or a fluid-filled cyst.
CT scan (computerized tomography)
X-ray of the gastrointestinal tract

Tea reduce the risk of ovarian cancer

Olive oil is beneficial when used as a tanning oil. Olive oil protects skin from harmful UVA rays and sunburns. Olive oil is also effective on peptic ulcers, bone development, nervous system development and lower the risk of cancer.

People who are consuming two or more cups of tea a day over a period of time may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer as compared with women who drank no tea. The Chinese people have long practiced the use of green tea to appease any form of disease. Studies have revealed effective phytochemicals contained in the tea that are known to fight cancer that comes in the form of leukemia, colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian and cervical cancer, and pelvic cancer.

Taking bitter melon and soy bean more oftenly can also lower the risk of cancer.

Ovarian cysts in women

Most often, cysts in early age in women are not cancerous. Women who are past menopause (ages 50-70) with ovarian cysts have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. At any age, if you think you have a cyst, it's important to tell your doctor.
they are usually found during a routine pelvic exam. During this exam, your doctor is able to feel the swelling of the cyst on your ovary. Once a cyst is found, the doctor may perform an ultrasound, which uses sound waves to create images of the body.
To find out if the cyst might be cancerous, your doctor may do a blood test to measure a substance in the blood called CA-125. The amount of this protein is higher if a woman has ovarian cancer. However, some ovarian cancers do not make enough CA-125 to be detected by the test.

After menopause, the risk of ovarian cancer increases. Surgery to remove an ovarian cyst is usually recommended in this case. Your doctor will probably want to do a biopsy to see if cancer is present.

You may not need any treatment, unless the cyst is very big or causing pain. Sometimes, taking birth control pills will make the cyst smaller. Surgery may be needed if the cyst is causing symptoms or is more than 2 inches across.

ovarian cancer : High-risk groups

Groups at high risk for ovarian cancer include:

Women with a strong family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer (two or more first-degree relatives and/or a relative with cancer before menopause) are a high-risk group8 who may carry a mutation of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These women have a risk of ovarian malignancy of up to 50%.

Women with a strong family history of colon cancer (at least three affected family members in at least two successive generations, with one case below age 50 years) may be at increased risk for endometrial and ovarian malignancy because they carry a mismatch repair gene mutation. These women have a risk of up to 10% for ovarian cancer and 50% for endometrial cancer.

Studies exploring the value of screening these women for ovarian cancer are lacking and are urgently required. Even though population-based screening for ovarian cancer is not recommended, and although there is no level of evidence that this group of women should undergo screening, it seems prudent that, until evidence to the contrary is available, measurement of CA 125 levels and transvaginal ultrasound be undertaken at least on a yearly basis. Certainly, women who may have gene mutations should be referred to family cancer clinics for counselling.

New technologies
New technologies have increased the possibilities for ovarian cancer screening. The use of genomics and proteomics to identify specific proteomic patterns, gene expression and genetic alterations, using serum or urine, may revolutionise our ability to screen for this disease.9 These new developments will hopefully be of use in population screening.

Cleola Anderiesz and Michael A Quinn

ovarian cancer : Screening for ovarian cancer

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies.

No precancerous lesions have been identified.

Bimanual examination has not been proven to be of value as a screening test.

Transvaginal ultrasound examination, with or without measurement of CA 125 levels, is currently being evaluated for population screening.

Women at high risk of ovarian cancer should be screened annually — with measurement of CA 125 level and transvaginal ultrasound examination.

Women with early-stage ovarian cancer have a 5-year survival rate of over 80%, suggesting that early detection may improve survival. To date, it has not been established whether benign (assessed histologically as non-invasive) or borderline ovarian tumours are premalignant. In the absence of a precancerous lesion, the goal of screening is the detection of preclinical disease.

Screening tests
A number of screening tests have been evaluated or are being evaluated currently. These include bimanual pelvic examination, ultrasound examination (Box), with or without colour Doppler flow imaging, and measurement of various circulating proteins.

Bimanual pelvic examination as part of a "well-woman's screen" has not been found to be useful.2

Ultrasound examination alone has neither sufficient specificity nor sufficient predictive value to justify its use in community screening, and it is expensive. It is currently not known whether the addition of Doppler flow imaging substantially improves the sensitivity of ultrasound alone.3

The usefulness of measuring the level of high-molecular-weight glycoprotein CA 125 as a screening test depends on the screening strategy, the cut-off value used and the population of women studied. It is of more benefit when used as part of a multimodal strategy.

In particular, screening by measuring CA 125 level and performing transvaginal ultrasound examination appears to provide the highest specificity and positive predictive value for the detection of ovarian cancer.4

Current trials
The CA 125 plus ultrasound screening strategy is currently on trial in the United Kingdom and the United States.

In the United Kingdom, CA 125 level plus transvaginal ultrasound examination versus transvaginal ultrasound alone versus no screening is being evaluated in 200 000 postmenopausal women. Quality of life, morbidity and cost-effectiveness are included in the evaluation.5 In the United States, the National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening trial is comparing 37 000 women (aged 55–74) having annual measurement of CA 125 level and transvaginal ultrasound examination, with an equal number of women receiving their usual medical care.6 A large European multicentre trial involves 120 000 postmenopausal women randomly allocated to no screening, transvaginal ultrasound at intervals of 18 months, or transvaginal ultrasound at intervals of 3 years, for a total of 8 years.7 The results of these trials will provide evidence for whether screening provides a survival advantage, and whether this is at an acceptable financial cost. Other important issues, such as age of commencing and discontinuing screening and optimal screening intervals, will need to be established before implementing population-based screening for ovarian cancer.

by Cleola Anderiesz and Michael A Quinn

ovarian cancer : Epithelial Cancer Stage 4 -

Stage 4 - Epithelial Cancer
This type of ovarian cancer is managed by tumor debulking surgery to remove as much cancerous tissue as possible, followed by combination chemotherapy. The benefit of postsurgical therapy is not well-established for patients with advanced (Stage 3 or 4), borderline cancers. However, because of the risk of distant relapse, some form of systemic therapy should be considered.

Stage 4 - Germ Cell Tumor
If the germ cell tumor is a dysgerminoma (the most widespread germ cell tumor, representing nearly half of all cases), treatment begins with surgery, including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and tumor debulking, followed by chemotherapy. If some tumor remains after chemotherapy, additional forms of chemotherapy may be needed.

If the patient has cancer in only one ovary and she wants to have children in the future, her treatment may consist of modified surgery (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy), followed by chemotherapy.

Germ cell tumors that are not dysgerminomas (e.g., an embryonal carcinoma, immature teratoma, choriocarcinoma, polyembryoma, or mixed germ cell tumor) may require one of the following treatment programs:

surgery, including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and tumor debulking, followed by chemotherapy, with/without additional surgery and additional chemotherapy to remove remaining cancerous tissue, or
chemotherapy, followed by surgery, including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and tumor debulking, with/without additional chemotherapy.
If the patient has cancer in only one ovary and she wants to have children in the future, her treatment may consist of modified surgery (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy), followed by chemotherapy.

Recurrent - Epithelial Cancer
Reappearing epithelial ovarian cancer is problematic. To date, there is no standard treatment, although a number of clinical trials are underway to test the pros and cons of different programs. Some of these trials include:

chemotherapy, with follow-up surgery;
new chemotherapeutic drugs;
new combination chemotherapies; and
surgery to relieve symptoms caused by ovarian cancer.
Comfort and pain-relieving care are always options. The patient should discuss these alternatives with her physician, since open communication is very important and will help her to receive the best care.

Recurrent - Germ Cell Tumor
The treatment of recurrent germ cell tumor is based on tumor type. Recurrent dysgerminomas usually are managed by chemotherapy, with/without radiotherapy.

Recurrent germ cell tumors that are not dysgerminomas (e.g., an embryonal carcinoma, immature teratoma, choriocarcinoma, polyembryoma, or mixed germ cell tumor) usually are managed by chemotherapy.

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